The economic impact of substantial sea-level rise. David Anthoff, Robert J Nicholls, and Richard SJ Tol.Discrimination: What it is, and how to cope. What makes wrongful discrimination wrong? Biases, preferences, stereotypes, and proxies. A BERT Baseline for the Natural Questions. Chris Alberti, Kenton Lee, and Michael Collins.Faces of environmental racism: Confronting issues of global justice. Hussein M Adam, Robert D Bullard, and Elizabeth Bell.In this paper, we take a step back and ask: How big is too big? What are the possible risks associated with this technology and what paths are available for mitigating those risks? We provide recommendations including weighing the environmental and financial costs first, investing resources into curating and carefully documenting datasets rather than ingesting everything on the web, carrying out pre-development exercises evaluating how the planned approach fits into research and development goals and supports stakeholder values, and encouraging research directions beyond ever larger language models. Using these pretrained models and the methodology of fine-tuning them for specific tasks, researchers have extended the state of the art on a wide array of tasks as measured by leaderboards on specific benchmarks for English. BERT, its variants, GPT-2/3, and others, most recently Switch-C, have pushed the boundaries of the possible both through architectural innovations and through sheer size. On the contrary, post-structuralists view the signification of meaning as an infinite and perennial process and meaning is the result of a play of 'différance'.The past 3 years of work in NLP have been characterized by the development and deployment of ever larger language models, especially for English. Whereas, for the structuralists, meaning arises from the functional differences between the elements (signs) within the system (langue). Furthermore, it strives to delve deep into the points of contact, similarities and differences between them on the aforementioned issue. On one hand, it deals with the issues attempted by Saussure, Barthes, Bloomfield, Louis Hjelmslev and Jakobson, whereas on the other hand, those by Foucault and Derrida. The paper undertaken hereby aims at conducting a contrastive study on the conception of the problem of meaning approached by two schools of philosophy: structuralism and post-structuralism. Later on, the concept has been dealt with structuralist and post-structuralist perspectives. Initially rationalism and empiricism dominated the ambit of analytic philosophy, and it is not an exception to these impacts.
Meaning has been one of the primordial issues of concern because of its enigmatic nature not only in the Oriental Philosophy but also in the Occidental tradition.
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